Django models: dynamic inheritance from classes defined in standalone app

Issue

I am using Django 3.2

I have written a standalone app social that has models defined like this:

from abc import abstractmethod

class ActionableModel:

    # This MUST be implemented by ALL CONCRETE sub classes
    @abstractmethod
    def get_actionable_object(self):
        pass

    # This MUST be implemented by ALL CONCRETE sub classes
    @abstractmethod
    def get_owner(self):
        pass


    def get_content_info(self):
        actionable_object = self.get_actionable_object()
        ct = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(actionable_object)
        object_id = actionable_object.id

        return (ct, object_id)      
 
    # ...


class Likeable(models.Model, ActionableModel):
    likes = GenericRelation(Like)
    likes_count = models.PositiveIntegerField(default=0, db_index=True)   
    last_liked = models.DateTimeField(editable=False, blank=True, null=True, default=None)
   
    # ...

in my project (that uses the standalone app), I have the following code:

myproject/userprofile/apps.py

class UserprofileConfig(AppConfig):
    default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
    name = 'userprofile'
    verbose_name = _('User Profile')

    def ready(self):
        # Check if social app is installed
        from django.apps import apps
        if apps.is_installed("social"):
            # check some condition
            # inherit from social.Likeable 
            # ... ?

How can I dynamically get my model userprofile.models.UserAccount to derive from Likeable?

Solution

If I understand the requirement correctly – you need that models from the application userprofile to implement Likeable features.

So the inheritance in this case does not only allow to use implemented methods but also makes it to have the same common fields in database (likes, likes_count, etc)

Which means that such an inheritance also requires migration script to be generated (to add the necessary fields in the database). Thus, doing it in runtime when application is ready might be even not possible since you have to have model defined for migrations.

However, even if there is a way to make such "dynamic" inheritance on-the-fly – I would highly recommend not to go this way because it’s really not transparent when some features of the models are defined in such a hidden way.

So the good solution for your request is simple – just do not do it dynamically. I.e.:

myproject/userprofile/models.py

from social.models import Likeable

class UserAccount(Likeable):
    # the definition of the user account class

And so other models that requires Likeable features will just inherit from it directly.

To your question of

How can I dynamically get my model userprofile.models.UserAccount

It can be done via:

from django.apps import apps

app_models = apps.get_app_config('userprofile').get_models()

And as a follow-up for dynamical inheritance you can refer here How to dynamically change base class of instances at runtime?

UPD – a bit different approach to solve the problem

Instead of using inheritance of the classes which is probably even not possible in this case – target models can be extended via relationship with Likeable entity in database.

I.e. instead of carrying Likeable inherited – it can be provided as one-to-one relationship which can be constructed in runtime as follows:

class UserprofileConfig(AppConfig):
    default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
    name = 'userprofile'
    verbose_name = _('User Profile')

    def ready(self):
        # Check if social app is installed
        from django.apps import apps
        from django.db import models

        if apps.is_installed("social"):
            for obj in apps.get_app_config(self.name).get_models():
                # add relationship
                obj.add_to_class(
                    'likeable', 
                    models.OneToOneField(Likeable, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True
                )

Then, methods of likeable can be accessed on the models of userprofile via likeable field. I.e.:

u = UserAccount.objects.last()
u.likeable.get_content_info()

Answered By – Egor Wexler

This Answer collected from stackoverflow, is licensed under cc by-sa 2.5 , cc by-sa 3.0 and cc by-sa 4.0