TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for *: 'method' and 'float' Markowitz Model

Issue

I have a problem with python, can u help me to solve it?
all libraries are loaded.
problem in this line: ---> 14 expV[k] = np.sqrt(np.dot(w.T,np.dot(Sigma,w)))

noOfPortfolios = 100
weight = np.zeros((noOfPortfolios,4))
expectedReturn = np.zeros(noOfPortfolios)
expV = np.zeros(noOfPortfolios)
sharpR = np.zeros(noOfPortfolios)
meanLogRet = logReturns.mean()
Sigma = logReturns.cov
for k in range(noOfPortfolios):
  w = np.array(np.random.random(4))
  w = w / np.sum(w)
  weight[k,:] = w
  expectedReturn[k]= np.sum(meanLogRet * w)
  expV[k] = np.sqrt(np.dot(w.T,np.dot(Sigma,w)))
  sharpR[k] = expectedReturn[k]/expV[k]

Solution

Change

Sigma = logReturns.cov

to

Sigma = logReturns.cov()

Answered By – Warren Weckesser

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